Manchester Airport Essay Example

Manchester Airport Essay Example Manchester Airport Essay Manchester Airport Essay The purpose of this report is to detail the key external environment issues surrounding Manchester Airport and how the Marketing Manger and the Operations Manager can attempt to influence or control these. The external environment is considered to be a far environment, therefore can neither be controlled nor influenced. This environment consists of Social, Legal, Technological, Economical and Political factors. For Manchester Airport these are: 1. Social – Demographics, Seasons, environmental issues. 2. Legal – Legislations. 3. Economic – Boom/bust cycle, interest rates, taxation and Government expenditure. . Political – The Government and legislation. 5. Technological – Information technology. Fig 1, Current environmental issues Social: The social factors include population factors of age, occupation, lifestyle and wealth distribution. These can all have major impacts on businesses. Age population can determine whether people will travel close to home or further away, as younger people have families, which means there is a budget attached to their spending. Older people tend not to have a young family to cater for and have a larger disposable income. Occupation determines a person’s lifestyle through their earnings and thus their wealth distribution. Seasons affect the travel industry as most people prefer to travel in the summer for the warmth; therefore it is seen as a peak period for Manchester Airport. Environment issues arise as the Airport wishes to be seen as caring for the local area to boost popularity. Therefore concern over pollution must be regarded as a priority. Legal: Legal factors for the Airport include legislations on security, noise, air pollution and waste management by the Government and EU Directives. This does has implications on operations through the cost involved. For example, the EU Directive on the maximum weekly working hour of 48 hours per employee and waste management, resulting in overall performance being influenced. Economic: The Economic factors of the boom/bust cycle are the affects of the 8 year cycle of national economies going into recession. This means production shrinks, so jobs are lost and people have less disposable income to spend. Interest rates rising tend to reduce demand as mortgage and credit charges rise. Taxation increases (or expenditure cuts) mean there will be less money for consumers to spend resulting in a shrink in demand. Expenditure increases (or reductions in taxation) result in more money for the economy and rise in demand. Political: Politically the Airport needs to respond to the prevailing political climate and adjust the marketing policy accordingly. EU laws are hard to influence or control, but Politicians can be influenced by lobbying over their laws. Security laws must be followed to ensure the safety of customers. This does bring high expenditure as stated in Flying to the Future, B202 DVD. Technological: Technologically Information Technology is vital to the smooth running and communications of the Airport at all levels. The system needs to function well, be reliable and staff need to be fully trained in this, which brings more cost. Fig 2, Micro- and Macro-environmental forces diagram, Essentials of Marketing, Third Edition by Jim Blythe. The macro-environment issues can have a huge impact on the company and its micro-environment and it tends to be difficult to influence. This is why the Airports policy should be seen as operating within a rapidly changing environment and must monitor and react to any changes to ensure goals are met. Marketing managers should be reactive to macro-environment factors. To do this effectively they need to analyse where they are by using a SLEPT situational analysis to examine the strengths and weaknesses of the Airport and opportunities and threats from the external environment. Once this has been established they need to analyse the firm’s position within the environment and itself with a SWOT situational analysis. Social: Demography lifestyle analysis affects the way customers are targeted, so being aware of current patterns helps the Airport to target the right people. For example, shifts in the birth rate cause distortions in the market thus allowing opportunities to target sales to a specific age group. Seasons affect when people whish to holiday and therefore create peak and off peak periods. This allows marketing to adjust fares etc accordingly and market more effectively. Being environmentally active and aware brings good publicity as a caring company, which is what Manchester Airport wants. The Company value as stated in the internet site is â€Å"Social Commitment – we are a responsible neighbour and invest in our community. † The Airports Environment Plan states that â€Å"it is important that this growth takes place In tandem with a stringent framework dealing with controls on environmental impacts†. Technological: The internet is an opportunity for advertising and direct marketing. Manchester Airport’s internet site uses this advantage to its full potential by including all relevant information for passengers to view. The main computer system used by the Airport for security checking of staff and passengers and all communications is working well, reliable and staff are fully trained internally by Manchester Airport Ventures, who run the training centre. Ventures now also train outside bodies which generate more capital for the Airport. The Company value, from the internet site, states that â€Å"Integrity we strive to be better every day and take steps to make it happen. Costs – we spend money on the things that really matter. † Legal: The Airport is required by law to protect its customers, the airlines. It chooses to protect the passengers for the airlines. This ensures the safety of everyone on site and thus a good working relationship between all parties. Environment laws bring cost. But this is required by the Government and also brings good publicity, as the Airport is seen to be actively caring for the environment and local area. Economic: The boom/bust cycle occurs approximately every 8 years, in which national economies have a recession. This brings production numbers to recede, loss of jobs and purchases are then reduced. Increased expenditure, or reduced taxation would mean more money in the economy and people will want and need travel and holidays. Taxation increase or expenditure cuts would bring less money and a loss in demand. It is essential to anticipate this management of demand in the economy. Political: Government policies cause shifts in emphasis and can disrupt the Airport operations. Being aware how to adapt the Airport policies to include these is essential to ensure continued running of all areas within the Airport. Government legislations can be influenced by lobbying. EU laws are difficult to control and influence. All of the above external factors will also impact on the operations of the Airport. The political and social environment has effect on operations through standards of welfare, health and safety at work. Operations Managers will need to ensure changes required are planned and controlled so the output conforms to requirements. A strategic plan for structural decisions, long, medium and short, can then be devised. The dynamic state of operations and the environment make it essential that there is feedback on progress. This enables changes to be made so the operation can work appropriately. This is control. The process of operations strategy looks at how operations policies, plans and principles are decided and developed. The overall objective for this will be: 1. Quality. This is key to improving performance against objectives. Manchester Airport achieves this through having a skilled workforce, technology and excellent communications. 2. Speed. The Airport has to ensure time is taken into account, as there are many people travelling through areas at one time. There are fire regulations on the number of people allowed in one area to consider. And, as stated in the DVD, Flying to the Future, if an area is overcrowded, passengers will become uncomfortable and stop spending in the retail outlets. 3. Dependability. This is how the Airport keeps its promises to its customers. So ensuring all systems are functioning well to keep all operations running on time is essential to enable passengers to move through the building. 4. Flexibility. Being flexible to seasons in the year enables the Airport to change the balance of the range of services to meet the needs of the Airport on a whole. This then ensure a cost effective operation is running smoothly. 5. Cost. This ensures finances are being used within budgets and appropriately. This can be achieved by reduced overheads, multi purpose equipment and facilities. Four variables are important to ensure the way the Airport operates. These key environmental factors are volume, variation, variety and customer contact. The operations should be designed so that it matches these features of its environment closely. Volume: The Airport has a high volume in the way that it has to repeatedly deliver its service. The use of technology by the Airport results in high output from an efficient process. Variation: Manchester Airport provides the correct level of capacity to meet the pattern of volume demands. Variety: The ability to be flexible is essential. The Airport has proved this since changing the way security is organised within the Airport Terminals. This high variety does need a lot of planning and control, which bring more overhead costs. Customer contact: The Airport has taken the service option of Front Office and Back Office. This ensures effective and efficient gains of planning and control. The above four factors will enable effective and efficient running of operations by determining how complex the task of managing the operation is. Once the above has been undertaken, the Systems Approach should be used to analyse operations. This will enable the Operations Manager to envisage the impact any operational changes will have on other areas linked. Three key ideas are involved in the systems approach, which are: 1. Environmental influences; it is important to identify the processes of the operation and design these in the most effective manner. 2. Control; information is gathered and compared with the Airport standard. This enables Management to proactively manage operations ensuring all predetermined standards are met. 3. Structure decisions; the hard system method should be followed here, as most problems surrounding operations within the Airport will have agreement from all, as there are guidelines to follow in this business. Fig , Operations Management in Context, by Galloway, Rowbotham and Azhashemi. All the above information on the effects of environmental issues in the Marketing and Operations areas and how to address them, have been detailed. Management should now be able to effectively incorporate the above into day to day work and filter it through to team members. Business graduate skills outcome. Example of how Block 1 case studies have contributed to my skills development. Self-assessment of current level of skill – high/medium/low; any actions to be taken. Learn from non-text as well as text-based materials enhancing your general study skills. 1. The text books and block books were very good to work with. 2. Case studies helped me to have a better understanding of how a subject worked. 3. I absorbed information from the DVD/CD after watching it repeatedly. 1. I enjoyed working with the text books, but I am still finding it hard to get into the study mode. It is maybe my age, but entering back into the world of business learning is proving harder than I anticipated. 2. Low. I need to create more time to learn the art of skim reading before re- reading chapters. 3. Medium. The need to take better notes to safe time must be learnt. I did not enjoy the Listening to the CD, I found it hard to take information in that way. I must re read the study skills information. Demonstrate thinking skills (holistic, integrative, critical) and show deeper understanding of some technically detailed topics. . My note taking initially took up too much time as I was writing down every item from pages I thought was important. 2. The block information as a whole has been a good starter for me entering into the first term of my degree. It has been hard, but eventually the information is starting to be understood by myself and applied. 3. I have found that I am no w using items learnt through this block in my working life at the Council. 1. Medium. I now highlight text in the book and make small notes at the side. I find this has sped the learning process up for me, which helps with the time limit. I still need to make time to re – read chapters after the first read. 2. Low. I still need to find more time to just sit and read all the information and let it sink in. I shall also try and give myself longer to complete self assessments and case studies. 3. Low – Medium. I am not using it as often as I would like. This is down to confidence issues, as I do not want to enter into a conversation/debate that I still do not fully understand. Use examples and analyse case studies to enhance understanding, support conclusions and illustrate issues concerning business functions in organisational contexts. I have found the B202 beginning difficult, but with the use of case studies and examples it has made the work easier to do. This is because it helps to explain the subjects to you through examples etc. Low. I need to study for more than 15 hours a week, as I am needing more time for information to sink in. This is until I find my feet with the course and find the balance between family, work and study. Bibliography. J Blythe, 2005, Essentials of Marketing, Third Edition, Essex, Pearsons Education Limited. L Galloway, F Rowbotham, M Azhashemi, 2005, Reprint, Burlington, Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann. M Hinton, J Holloway, Other Members of OU Course Team, Block 1 Introduction: Business Functions in Context, 2006, Milton Keynes, The Open University. Manchester Airport website, manchesterairport. co. uk/manweb. nsf accessed from November 28th until December 10th 2007. Flying to the Future, DVD, Milton Keynes, The Open University. Reference list Manchester Airport web site, Our Company Values, ttp://www. manchesterairport. co. uk/manweb. nsf/Content/OurCompanyValues. Manchester Airport website, Environmental Plan, manchesterairport. co. uk/manweb. nsf/Content/Environment

Spanish Cell Phone and Social Media Abbreviations

Spanish Cell Phone and Social Media Abbreviations Do you want to send cellphone text messages to your Spanish-speaking friends? Or communicate with them on Facebook or other social media (known as medios sociales in Spanish)? Youll find it easy with this texting and social media abbreviation glossary. Sending messages in Spanish can pose a challenge in typing accented letters and Spanish punctuation, as the method isnt always intuitive and varies with the software. But that hasnt prevented cellphone chat - technically known in both English and Spanish as SMS (for Short Message Service) - from becoming useful for Spanish speakers worldwide. The term is common in Spanish, where SMS is pronounced as would be esemese. Phone Texting Abbreviations Cellphone abbreviations are far from standardized, but here are some of them you may come across or want to try using yourself. 100pre - siempre - alwaysa10 - adià ³s - goodbyea2 - adià ³s - goodbyeac - hace - (form of hacer)aki - aquà ­ - hereamr - amor - loveaora - ahora - nowasdc - al salir de clase - after classasias - gracias - thanksb - bien - well, goodbb - bebà © - babybbr - bbr - to drinkbs, bss - besos - kissesbye - adià ³s - goodbyeb7s - besitos - kissesc - sà ©, se - I know; (reflexive pronoun)cam - cmara - cameracdo - cuando -   whenchao, chau - adià ³s - goodbyed - de - from, ofd2 - dedos - fingersdcr - decir - to saydew, dw - adià ³s - goodbyedfcl - difà ­cil - difficultdim - dime - tell mednd - dà ³nde - whereems - hemos - We haveers - eres tà º - you are, are youers2 - eres tà º - are youexo - hecho - acteys - ellos - they inde - fin de semana - weekendfsta - fiesta - partygrrr - enfadado - angryhl - hasta luego - see you laterhla - hola - helloiwal - igual - equalk - que, quà © - that, whatkbza - cabeza - headkls - clase - classkm - como - as, likekntm - cuà ©ntame - tell meKO - estoy muerto - Im in big trouble.kyat - cllate - Shut up.m1ml - mndame un mensaje luego - Send me a message later.mim - misià ³n imposible - mission impossiblemsj - msnsaje - messagemxo - mucho - a lotnph - no puedo hablar - I cant talk now.npn - no pasa nada - nothings happeningpa - para, padre - for, fatherpco - poco - a littlepdt - pià ©rdete - get lostpf - por favor - pleasepls - por favor - pleasepq - porque, porquà © - because, whyq - que  - that, whatq acs? -  ¿Quà © haces? - What are you doing?qand, qando - cuando, cundo - whenqdms - quedamos - were stayingq plomo! -  ¡Quà © plomo! - What a drag!q qrs? -  ¿Quà © quieres? - What do you want?q risa! -  ¡Quà © risa! - What a laugh!q sea - quà © sea - whateverq tal? - quà © tal - Whats happening? salu2 - saludos - hello, goodbyesbs? -  ¿sabes? - Do you know?sms - mensaje - messagespro - espero - I hopet - te - you (as object pronoun)tas OK? -  ¿Ests bien? - Are you OK?tb - tambià ©n - alsotq - te quiero - I love youtqi - tengo que irme - I have to leaveuni - universidad - university, collegevns? -  ¿Vienes? - Are you coming?vos - vosotros - you (plural)wpa -  ¡Guapa! - Sweet!xdon - perdà ³n - sorryxfa - por favor - pleasexo - pero - butxq - porque, porquà © - because, whyymam, ymm - llmame - call mezzz - dormir - sleeping - ms - more:) - feliz, alegre - happy:( - triste - sado- - ms o menos - more or less- - menos - less:p - sacar lengua - tongue sticking out;) - guià ±o - wink Many of the messages using a q for que or quà © can also be expressed with a k, such as tki for tengo que irme. A few popular abbreviations for vulgar words arent included in this list. Social Media Abbreviations and Vocabulary Many of the abbreviations above are also commonly used in social media such as Facebook and Twitter. Here are some others that are commonly used: AHRE, ahre - (origin uncertain) - A word, especially common in Argentina, used to indicate that what has just been said should be understood ironically or as a joke, something like the way the winking symbol can be used ALV - a la verga - A common insult, cam be considered vulgar etiqueta - The word for label, preferred by some for hashtag mensaje directo, mensaje privado - Private message Vocabulary Related to Text Messaging Although its frowned on by purists and isnt in most dictionaries, the verb textear is often used as the equivalent of to text. It is conjugated as a regular verb. The noun form is a cognate, texto. Another verb derived from English is chatear, to chat. A text message is a mensaje de texto. To send such as message is enviar un mensaje de texto. Words for cellphone include telà ©fono celular or celular, more common in Latin America; and telà ©fono mà ³vil or mà ³vil, more common in Spain. A smartphone is a telà ©fono inteligente, although use of the English word, sometimes spelled esmartfà ³n, is frequent. A messaging app is an aplicacià ³n de mensajes or app de mensajes.

Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Economics - Essay Example It was noted that ticket prices are relatively higher in 1978, wherein passengers disburse 19 cents per mile. As compared to the present price, which is 14 cents per mile, it is relatively higher. Thus, there is an increase in the influx of passengers (Bonsor, 2006). Airfare prices and travel time are considered the most important factors for passengers as compared to in-flight amenities. As William O’ Conner, an economist stated that â€Å"The speed, comfort, and safety aspects of the journey, whichever airline a passenger selects, are more likely to be the same† (1995). Thus, the amenities are not the priority of passengers in choosing the flight. People based their choice of flight on factors such as having the cheapest ticket price at the same time having the most convenient times of departure and arrival. The consequence is for airlines to increase the number of flights for a certain routes and maintain the price like the competitors (Kons, 2000). Reservation system serves a crucial role in an airline company. By being able to predict the passenger’s need and willingness to pay, the system sets up the scheme of pricing and setting from which passengers have no control on the differences the prices of tickets belonging t o even the same class (Watson, 2004). Pricing of airline tickets is a very complex process that is affected by various factors and considerations. These include the date of purchase and reservation wherein tickets bought several months before the flight schedule is normally lower in price than when it is purchased a day before the flying date. Normally these trend is known to the flying public and for those who wanted to grab these opportunity of buying cheaper tickets they will get one especially those people who travel regularly every week and month. Seat classification or the class is another factor being

Assignment 1 Reflective Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Assignment 1 Reflective Report - Essay Example One approach that employees use to fight for their rights is the formation of unions that advocate for the rights of the people within a specific industry. In this regard, the contemporary society has witnessed the formation of powerful trade unions that advocate for the rights of the people that they represent in order to obtain better working conditions and remuneration. The empowerment of employees, by these trade unions and other measures such as legislations that protect them from their employers, has been partly due to the current systems of governance that underlines the need of rebelling against ruling bodies that commit offences. Therefore, these power-related organisations are a way of the employees asserting their authority. Through the activities of trade unions, in organisations, employees assert their power by maintaining checks on their employer’s activities and ensure that the employer did not infringe on their rights. For example, most organisational policy on improvement of the working conditions and remuneration are not consistent with the law. ... Ward (2010) identifies Locke’s central idea of freedom based on the ability of individuals to intellectualize phenomena based on ideas. In this case, organisations and people in the contemporary society identify power as contestable. Consequently, this has been the reason why employees in organisations have the ability to contest decisions made by their bosses following down the laid down procedures by using courts or other legal avenues. On the other hand, various stakeholders contest for power in the contemporary societies especially in instances whereby they felt that the organisation was not being managed in the right away. Therefore, these power-related struggles between various stakeholders in an organisation are a result of the view that power can be contested with the rebellion replicating Locke’s view that people who are in authority may be deposed if they offended the natural law. In effect, this makes Locke’s theory of power the most relevant to explai n power-related phenomena in the modern world. Question 2 In the contemporary society, it is evident that the ruled rely on their rulers to make decisions that affect their daily lives. In this regard, the subjects identify the ruling class as the people who are responsible for provision of important resources in their lives. In fact, this supports Weber’s contention that the ruling elite make decisions that affect the people, which is against the premise that power is exercised by the people (â€Å"Elite Theories† 2013). It is a common occurrence for the ruling class to ask for power from the people they ruled while making promises on what they are going to accomplish to these people. In this case, the ruling elite

Narcissistic Personality Disorder :: Narcissism Essays

There are two types of Narcissistic Personality Disorders. The individual whose surroundings supports his or her ego, and demands that he or she present their selfish behavior will develop to be a kind of an exhibitionistic narcissist. These types of person thinks that they are superior to others, but at the same time his or her personal feelings are ignored. To make his or her feelings of satisfaction, to come back, the person will attempt to make the environment support his or her enormous claims of superiority and perfection. On the other hand, if the environment feels threatened by the person's ego it will attempt to suppress the person from expressing him or herself. These kinds of persons learn to keep the ego hidden from others, and they will growth to be a closet narcissist. The closet narcissist will only reveal his or her feelings of fulfillment when he or she is convinced that such revelations will be safe.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Is our negative leveling of narcissism a defense against a demanding call of the soul to be loved?†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   By denying our narcissistic tendencies and by labeling this part of our dark side as negative, we our only repressing the growth that our soul desires.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The more we push narcissism away from us by disowning it, the more self consumed we actually become. In my own life, self-love was one of the greatest and most valuable lessons learned through very difficult circumstances. I discovered that the importance of self-acceptance must first be established first from the inside our self if I was ever to sincerely receive love from another. Our potential does not create our attitude, but our attitude creates our potential. I think that when people change their perception of self, then their lives will for sure change as well.

Elements of Literary Analysis

Elements of literary analysis Plot Summary Setting Character Analysis Theme Symbolism and Metaphor Conflict Moral Plot Summary The narrative structure of a story is divided into 5 parts. Organize, by list or diagram, the events of the story into the following points using as few words as possible. (Complicated stories may have multiple turning points. ) #1 Exposition (introduction) Introduces the main characters, setting, and conflict. #2 Rising Action (conflict complicated) Secondary conflicts arise. Secondary adversaries hold protagonist back from his goal. 3 Climax (turning point) The turning point, for better or worse, in the protagonists affairs. When we first realize the conflict will be resolved. #4 Falling Action (loose ends tied up) Headed towards resolution, maybe with a final moment of suspense. #5 Denouement (conclusion) Characters return to normal state or resolution. May close with marriage or death. Setting The setting for a story includes the time, place, and social r eality with in the story. Also includes how time passes with in the text.The historical and social context in which the story was written should also be considered. Each tale is a product of its time and place. The author’s biographical info can also be considered as context. Character Analysis Map the story’s characters by type Protagonist: The main character(s) that causes a sympathetic reaction from the reader. Also the character that moves the action in the story forward. The protagonist is not always the primary focal character in the story (see below). Focal Character: The focal character may be easily confused with the protagonist.The key difference is a reader should feel sympathetic towards the protagonist where as a focal character will trigger excitement and interest but not an emotional response. (Ex: Sherlock Holmes is a focal character) Deuteragonist: The second most important character in the text, often the side-kick. (Ex. Ron Weasley in Harry Potter se ries) Tritagonist: The third most important character in the text. (Ex. Hermione in Harry Potter series) Antagonist: Character or group that opposes the protagonist. Often the villain but not always a character that is aware that they oppose. (Ex: Voldamort in Harry Potter.Ex 2: Patriarchal society in Jane Austen or Bronte novels) Adversaries: Secondary to the antagonist, also opposes protagonist or focal character. Foil Characters: Character opposites who highlight the differences between themselves, the protagonist, or the different routes the protagonist may take. Narrator: Consider the narrator of the story as he/she relates to the characters. Narration may be 1rst person, 3rd person limited, or 3rd person omniscient. Is the narrator reliable or unreliable? Theme Themes are the subjects and topics addressed in the story. Not to be confused with the Conflict or the Moral.Common themes include: Friendship-Family-Individuality-Prejudice-Growing Up-Society-Love-Marriage-Lies/Deceit- Fear-Morality-Compassion/Sympathy-Justic e-Foolishness/Folly-Greed-Courage-Money-Class-Memory-Isolation-Gender-Education-Religion-Death-Nature-Ageing-Revenge-Madness-Art/Culture-Jealousy-Dreams-Innocence Symbolism and Metaphor Separate from classifying the characters as literary types, you can decide if each or any of the characters symbolize something greater than themselves, a universal type, theme, vice or virtue. A metaphor compares two distinctly different objects pointing out how the are alike.Symbolism uses a person, place or thing to stand for a complex abstract idea, truth, feeling, or experience. Both metaphor and symbolism are used to create a new and deeper meaning beyond the surface text. Look for symbolism and metaphor in inanimate objects, weather, nature, colors, politics, religion, architecture, and art within the art (ie: references to other books, painting, etc) Conflict The Conflict is the challenge that the Protagonist and/or Focal character faces. A conflict ma y be internal, relational, or external. Universal conflicts include:Character Vs Self – Character Vs Nature – Character Vs Society Character Vs Character – Character Vs Supernatural – Character Vs Fate Moral From the author’s perspective, the moral of the story is the message about the human condition, or the world that we live in, that he/she hopes to illustrate with the text. The reader may arrive at the author’s moral with a careful analysis of character, setting, theme, symbolism, and conflict. A reader may also see a completely different moral than the author, based on his or her own experiences. As Oscar Wilde said, â€Å"in art there is no such thing as a universal truth†. Elements of Literary Analysis Elements of literary analysis Plot Summary Setting Character Analysis Theme Symbolism and Metaphor Conflict Moral Plot Summary The narrative structure of a story is divided into 5 parts. Organize, by list or diagram, the events of the story into the following points using as few words as possible. (Complicated stories may have multiple turning points. ) #1 Exposition (introduction) Introduces the main characters, setting, and conflict. #2 Rising Action (conflict complicated) Secondary conflicts arise. Secondary adversaries hold protagonist back from his goal. 3 Climax (turning point) The turning point, for better or worse, in the protagonists affairs. When we first realize the conflict will be resolved. #4 Falling Action (loose ends tied up) Headed towards resolution, maybe with a final moment of suspense. #5 Denouement (conclusion) Characters return to normal state or resolution. May close with marriage or death. Setting The setting for a story includes the time, place, and social r eality with in the story. Also includes how time passes with in the text.The historical and social context in which the story was written should also be considered. Each tale is a product of its time and place. The author’s biographical info can also be considered as context. Character Analysis Map the story’s characters by type Protagonist: The main character(s) that causes a sympathetic reaction from the reader. Also the character that moves the action in the story forward. The protagonist is not always the primary focal character in the story (see below). Focal Character: The focal character may be easily confused with the protagonist.The key difference is a reader should feel sympathetic towards the protagonist where as a focal character will trigger excitement and interest but not an emotional response. (Ex: Sherlock Holmes is a focal character) Deuteragonist: The second most important character in the text, often the side-kick. (Ex. Ron Weasley in Harry Potter se ries) Tritagonist: The third most important character in the text. (Ex. Hermione in Harry Potter series) Antagonist: Character or group that opposes the protagonist. Often the villain but not always a character that is aware that they oppose. (Ex: Voldamort in Harry Potter.Ex 2: Patriarchal society in Jane Austen or Bronte novels) Adversaries: Secondary to the antagonist, also opposes protagonist or focal character. Foil Characters: Character opposites who highlight the differences between themselves, the protagonist, or the different routes the protagonist may take. Narrator: Consider the narrator of the story as he/she relates to the characters. Narration may be 1rst person, 3rd person limited, or 3rd person omniscient. Is the narrator reliable or unreliable? Theme Themes are the subjects and topics addressed in the story. Not to be confused with the Conflict or the Moral.Common themes include: Friendship-Family-Individuality-Prejudice-Growing Up-Society-Love-Marriage-Lies/Deceit- Fear-Morality-Compassion/Sympathy-Justic e-Foolishness/Folly-Greed-Courage-Money-Class-Memory-Isolation-Gender-Education-Religion-Death-Nature-Ageing-Revenge-Madness-Art/Culture-Jealousy-Dreams-Innocence Symbolism and Metaphor Separate from classifying the characters as literary types, you can decide if each or any of the characters symbolize something greater than themselves, a universal type, theme, vice or virtue. A metaphor compares two distinctly different objects pointing out how the are alike.Symbolism uses a person, place or thing to stand for a complex abstract idea, truth, feeling, or experience. Both metaphor and symbolism are used to create a new and deeper meaning beyond the surface text. Look for symbolism and metaphor in inanimate objects, weather, nature, colors, politics, religion, architecture, and art within the art (ie: references to other books, painting, etc) Conflict The Conflict is the challenge that the Protagonist and/or Focal character faces. A conflict ma y be internal, relational, or external. Universal conflicts include:Character Vs Self – Character Vs Nature – Character Vs Society Character Vs Character – Character Vs Supernatural – Character Vs Fate Moral From the author’s perspective, the moral of the story is the message about the human condition, or the world that we live in, that he/she hopes to illustrate with the text. The reader may arrive at the author’s moral with a careful analysis of character, setting, theme, symbolism, and conflict. A reader may also see a completely different moral than the author, based on his or her own experiences. As Oscar Wilde said, â€Å"in art there is no such thing as a universal truth†.

Swot Analysis - 837 Words

Safaricom Ltd. SWOT Analysis Author’s name Institution Abstract This paper expounds on results from a SWOT analysis of Safaricom Ltd, a leading mobile network company in Kenya. This basically describes a research conducted to determine the company’s achievements, limitations, opportunities and challenges. Brief information on the history, management and major undertakings of the company since it was started are among issues outlined in this paper in a bid to enhance better understanding of the company’s profile and the analysis of its performance. This paper solely focuses on the analysis that reveals what makes the company tick, what weaknesses it exhibits, as well as its opportunities and possible threats. Introduction†¦show more content†¦(Reddick, 2010).The service has proved to be the perfect consolidation between mobile phones and banks for different business strategies, considering the veritable convenience of being able to manage a bank account, pay bills and engage in innumerable financial transactions at the touch of a button.(Zavoral, 2011) The company has consistently made remarkable growth at a rate of more than 20% in a relatively short time span of only 14 years, denoting its stability. The company made an unmatchable profit of 370 million USD in 2007 making it the biggest gainer in the East African region. The company has maintained a massive subscriber base and built its reputation by providing reliable services consistently. It has also become popular among its clients by being actively involved in corporate social responsibility projects that seek to empower the populace both socially and economically especially through sports and games. Its corporate colour, green, which is associated with a season of abundance, coupled with its involvement in environmental conservation has been pivotal in luring clients. (Githinji, 2010) Weaknesses. Although the company won many clients during its debut years of operation due to its pricing strategy of per second billing, when its only rival by then, Kencell, embraced per minute billing, the company’s call rates are currently the highestShow MoreRelatedSwot Analysis Of Swot And Swot Analysis738 Words   |  3 Pagesknown as SWOT analysis. The SWOT analysis is business analysis method that business can use for each of its department when deciding on the most perfect way to increase their business and future growth. This procedure identifies the internal and external strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that are in the markets. SWOT analysis helps you decide your position against your competitors, identifies best future opportunities, and highlight current and future threats. 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