Practice in Punctuating Adjective Clauses

After reading the article on Subordination With Adjective Clauses, review the guidelines below and then complete the punctuation exercise that follows. Guidelines for Punctuating Adjective Clauses These three guidelines should help you decide when to set off an adjective clause (also called a relative clause) with commas: Adjective clauses beginning with that are never set off from the main clause with commas. Food that has turned green in the refrigerator should be thrown away. Adjective clauses beginning with who or which should not be set off with commas if omitting the clause would change the basic meaning of the sentence. Students who turn green should be sent to the infirmary. Because we dont mean that all students should be sent to the infirmary, the adjective clause is essential to the meaning of the sentence. For this reason, we dont set off the adjective clause with commas.Adjective clauses beginning with who or which should be set off with commas if omitting the clause would not change the basic meaning of the sentence. Last weeks pudding, which has turned green in the refrigerator, should be thrown away. Here the which clause provides added but not essential information, and so we set it off from the rest of the sentence with commas. Practice in Punctuating Adjective Clauses In the following sentences, add commas to set off adjective clauses that provide additional, but not essential, information. Dont add commas if the adjective clause affects the basic meaning of the sentence. When youre done, compare your answers with those on page two. Caramel de Lites which are cookies sold by the Girl Scouts contain 70 calories each.These are the times that try mens souls.I refuse to live in any house that Jack built.I left my son at the campus day-care center which is available to all full-time students with young children.Students who have young children are invited to use the free day-care center.A physician who smokes and overeats has no right to criticize the personal habits of her patients.Gus who gave Merdine a bouquet of ragweed has been exiled to the storm cellar for a week.Professor Legree lost his only umbrella which he has owned for 20 years.Healthy people who refuse to work should not be given government assistance.Felix who was once a hunter in the Yukon stunned the roach with one blow from a newspaper. Answers to Adjective Clauses Questions Caramel de Lites, which are cookies sold by the Girl Scouts, contain . . ..(no commas)(no commas)Â  . . . day-care center, which is available to all full-time students with young children.(no commas)(no commas)Gus, who gave Merdine a bouquet of ragweed, has . . ... . . umbrella, which he has owned for 20 years.(no commas)Felix, who was once a hunter in the Yukon, stunned . . ..

Analysis Of Sylvia s The Cow - 1378 Words

Sylvia isolates herself in nature and identifies herself as a person who prefers to be alone. While wandering in the woods and playing around with her cow, she â€Å"would look upon the cow’s pranks as an intelligent attempt to play hide and seek, as [she] had no playmates† (Jewett 196). Sylvia does not experience human interaction, besides her grandmother, due to being isolated in the countryside. However, she interacts with her best friend, Mistress Moolly the cow, as a way to fill in the need of communicating with others. Sylvia could be feeling lonely, so she treats her cow as a friend. Mrs. Tilley, Sylvia’s grandmother, notices how her granddaughter spends more time in nature. She states, â€Å"Afraid of folks, they said! I guess [Sylvia] won’t be troubled no great with them up to the old place† (Jewett 196). The â€Å"old place† indicates Sylvia’s house in the city. Generally, a city is crowded and there is not enough space for her to freely wander unlike the countryside. Mrs. Tilley suggests that her granddaughter is more comfortable in the countryside, where it is open and peaceful, rather than the congested city. There is a slight hint of transcendentalism in Sylvia. Due to her familiarity with nature, she realizes how much she prefers being alone in the woods. Additionally, the isolation that Sylvia experiences allow her to retain her innocence, a part of her identity, until she meets the hunter. Sylvia experiences a coming-of-age process as she meets the hunter in the woodsShow MoreRelatedMga Uri Ng Pagsulat5939 Words   |  24 Pagesshe/he can understand why things went wrong in the past, and how client can be guided so that things will not go wrong in the future. This therapy seeks to apply the step by step approach of cognitive therapy – developed by Anthony Ryle, in the 1970’s Anthony Ryle used his background as a GP and work experience as a Consultant Psychotherapist to develop t his mode of therapy. CAT focuses on the why emotional or psychological problems have occurred and to do this the therapist guides the client backRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesbuilt-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore

Allen Ginsberg Free Essays

string(215) " Television Was a Baby Crawling toward That Death chamber, a long angry poem in which he proclaimed that he could never tell his own secrets on TV and that television kept vital information a secret from Americans\." His parents, Naomi and Louis Ginsberg, named him Irwin Allen at his birth in Newark, New Jersey, in 1926. Twenty-nine years later, in San Francisco in 1955—when he began to write Howl— he liked to think that he was in a cosmos of his own creation. In fact, he was still very much connected to his parents. We will write a custom essay sample on Allen Ginsberg or any similar topic only for you Order Now Wasn’t Naomi a madwoman, and wasn’t Howl about madness? Didn’t Louis write apocalyptic poetry, and wasn’t Howl an apocalyptic poem, too? His parents haunted him in the months just before he wrote Howl—they appeared in his dreams, and he wrote about them in his journals and unpublished poems from that period. Moreover, they provided the germinating seeds for Howl— madness, nakedness, and secrecy. Few poets have quarreled with their parents as intensely as Ginsberg quarreled with his, and few young men have turned those quarrels into poems as remarkable as Howl and Kaddish. His quarrels were with himself as much as they were with Naomi and Louis, and in the quarrels with himself he expanded the possibilities not only for himself, but for American poetry, as he pushed against the limits of literary caution and conservatism that characterized the times. If ever there was a poet in rebellion against his own parents it was Allen Ginsberg. And yet if ever there was a dutiful poet it was also Allen Ginsberg. The son carried on the family heritage even as he railed against it. For decades, Louis Ginsberg had been far more famous than Allen. The elder Ginsberg taught poetry at Rutgers and played a leading role in the prestigious, though stodgy, Poetry Society of America. He had two books of poems to his name, dozens of poems in anthologies, and publications in most of the leading literary magazines. Then, in 1956 and 1957, with the advent of Howl, attention suddenly shifted from father to son. Allen was the bright new star in the literary firmament. Never again would Louis outshine his son, though for a brief time in the late 1960s and early 1970s, father and son shared the stage and gave poetry readings together from California to New Jersey. Other fathers might have bridled at a son who was more famous than they were, and other sons might have used their fame to berate their fathers and settle old scores. Allen’s fame brought him closer to his father; now that he was famous he could pay homage to Louis and his work. In â€Å"To My Father in Poetry,† which he wrote in 1959, he acknowledged, at long last, his father’s influence on his own work—something he had long ignored and long denied. He heard his father’s voice in his own voice. Louis was delighted that his famous son respected him. The father-son love feast notwithstanding, they disagreed as strongly as ever about politics, poetry, sex, and the self. In â€Å"To Allen Ginsberg†Ã¢â‚¬â€one of his best poems—Louis compared his son to Theseus, the legendary Greek hero who slew the Minotaur, and expressed the hope that Allen would find his way through the labyrinth of his own self until he found his own genuine identity. Allen was well aware of his various selves, but unlike Louis, he felt that no single self was truer than another. They were all parts of himself and equally valid. What was essential, he argued, was to be detached, to remain in flux and never become fixed to any one identity. (Morgan, Bill 4-10) Surely, fame would have taken a far greater toll had he not understood that â€Å"Allen Ginsberg† was a fiction. His ability to remain detached from any one fixed identity had helped to make Howl an extraordinary poem. In Howl, he was the paragon of the protean poet. In the moment of creation, he was everyone and he was everywhere, from Alcatraz to Madison Avenue. He was himself, and he was also almost everyone else in the poem. He could become one with the angel headed hipsters and with the Adonis of Denver. He was Moloch and he was Carl Solomon, too. His ability to remain detached from â€Å"Allen Ginsberg† enabled him, in large part, to go on writing extraordinary poems in the wake of Howl—overtly political poems as well as deeply personal poems—including â€Å"Death to Van Gogh’s Ear! † â€Å"At Apollinaire’s Grave, † and, of course, Kaddish, which he started in 1956 and continued to work on in Paris and in New York in 1957 and 1958. Living in Europe deepened his vision of both Europe and America and helped him understand the experience of a generation of European immigrants like his mother who were born in the Old World and came to the New World. Now he could imagine what it must have been like for Naomi Levy to leave Russia, travel across the Atlantic, and arrive in New York, the strangest of cities. He could transcend his own resentment and anger and see his mother as a beautiful woman in her own right. And he could put himself on the sidelines and put his mother at the center of his poem. In Allen’s view, the White House and the Pentagon tolerated mad dictatorial developments everywhere on the face of the earth. Of course, he disapproved of Soviet-style mind control and brainwashing, and he rejected official Communist Party ideas about literature and the arts, and about the obligation of the artist to serve the needs of the people. He would never write for the Communist Party or for the people, he proclaimed. No matter what country he lived in, he would always write for himself or he would write for no one. The Soviet Communist Party had driven Mayakovsky into madness and suicide. It surely would drive him mad, too. Meanwhile, America was driving him mad. The function of television, he insisted, was to control people, and he denounced it at every opportunity. By 1961 he would write about the deadliness of TV in Television Was a Baby Crawling toward That Death chamber, a long angry poem in which he proclaimed that he could never tell his own secrets on TV and that television kept vital information a secret from Americans. You read "Allen Ginsberg" in category "Papers" In the late 1950s he argued that the USSR wasn’t as evil as the talking heads on American television made it out to be. He was convinced that the USSR was a great nation, that Russian writers were as original and creative as writers anywhere, and that communism had tried succeeded in improving material living conditions. He didn’t want a communist society in the United States, but he wasn’t opposed to communism in the Third World. He thought a great deal about America during his sojourn in Europe. He became increasingly anti-American, and yet there was something uniquely American about his anti-Americanism. In many ways he was the archetypal innocent abroad, the idealistic young man making the grand tour, the wide-eyed tourist who fell in love with almost everything about the Old World, and came to detest almost everything about the New World. Europe was a â€Å"great experience. Like hundreds if not thousands of Americans before him, he found Paris â€Å"beautiful† and he was tempted to â€Å"expatriate settle down. † And, like so many other Americans, he loved the Latin Quarter and the little cafes where the existentialists smoked, drank, and talked, and where you might catch a glimpse of Jean Paul Sartre, if you were lucky. Europeans were genuine intellectuals, he decided. They cared about ideas, he insisted, whereas making money was the American thing, and there were no moral standards. Even New York, the most European of American cities, paled by comparison with Paris, Rome, and Florence. From the vantage point of Europe, New York looked hard, closed, commercial, and ingrown. Europeans were less materialistic than Americans, he thought, and less racist, too. â€Å"Europeans have more better personal relations with Negroes than Americans have, † he concluded. In Holland, â€Å"big black nigger looking spades† dated â€Å"nice white girls, † he noted, and no one paid any attention. Yes, he was still using racist language, still trying to shock his father, and he would go on using racist language for some time to come. Even as late as 1966, in the midst of the civil rights movement, he would use racial epithets in Wichita Vortex Sutra. No one challenged him, or scolded him. (Rothschild, Matthew 34-35) By the mid-1960s he was largely beyond reproach. In 1967, for example, when he read in London, the British poet Ted Hughes described him as the prophet of a spiritual revolution, and one of the most important men of the twentieth century. From Hughes’s point of view, Howl was the single work that began a global revolution in poetical form and content. It had, indeed, broken all sorts of verbal barriers, and Ginsberg went on breaking them when he described himself as â€Å"queer† or wrote about his own body and his bodily functions, or used words like niggers† and â€Å"spades. † In the late 1950s, the Europeans he met seemed less repressed than Americans about sex and race and about language, too. They were far more verbally liberated. About the only thing he didn’t like in Europe was the Roman Catholic Church. At first he imagined that European Catholics belonged to a mystical secret society that provided a wonderful sense of community. Gradually, however, he changed his mind and came to feel that the Roman Catholic Church operated like the secret police in a totalitarian society, and that Rome was in the business of mind control and censorship. All those medieval cathedrals depressed him, while the Renaissance inspired him, especially the art of Michelangelo, which depicted â€Å"naked idealized realistic human bodies. † Europeans seemed more artistic and far more poetic than Americans—Americans hated poetry and poets, he insisted— and he pursued poets and the legacy of poetry, too. In Italy, he visited mad Shelley’s grave, plucking a few tender leaves of clover and mailing them to Louis, who was delighted to receive them. There were visits to living poets, too, especially W. H. Auden, whom he had adored when he was an undergraduate at Columbia, and whom he had been trying to meet for years. He loved to be in the company of famous people, especially famous writers and musicians, and for years he would seek out celebrities, from Ezra Pound to Bob Dylan and the Beatles, though celebrities also sought him out. Now, with the fame that Howl had furnished, and with all the notoriety that the media provided, he could knock on doors and find himself ushered into tea or served a glass or two of wine. What he wanted was adulation and acceptance. (Pollin, Burton R. 535) When he died, Columbia College Today, the alumni magazine, published a cover story about him by the poet and critic David Lehman. Eventually Trilling changed his mind about Ginsberg’s work and included two of his poems, â€Å"A Supermarket in California† and â€Å"To Aunt Rose,† in his comprehensive anthology The Experience of Literature, which was published in 1967 and used widely as a textbook. Ever since Ginsberg wrote Howl in the mid-1950s, he had wanted to be included in the canon, and now he was. Of course, he was delighted that it was none other than Trilling who made a place for him. The inclusion and validation was exhilarating to Ginsberg. (Harris, Oliver 171) Bibliography †¢ Harris, Oliver. Article Title: Cold War Correspondents: Ginsberg, Kerouac, Cassady, and the Political Economy of Beat Letters. Journal Title: Twentieth Century Literature. Volume: 46. Issue: 2. Publication Year: 2000. Page Number: 171. †¢ Morgan, Bill. The Works of Allen Ginsberg, 1941-1994. Publisher: Greenwood Press. Place of Publication: Westport, CT. Publication Year: 1995. †¢ Morgan, Bill. The Response to Allen Ginsberg, 1926-1994: A Bibliography of Secondary Sources. Publisher: Greenwood Press. Place of Publication: Westport, CT. Publication Year: 1996. †¢ Pollin, Burton R. Article Title: Edgar Allan Poe as a Major Influence upon Allen Ginsberg. Journal Title: The Mississippi Quarterly. Volume: 52. Issue: 4. Publication Year: 1999. Page Number: 535. †¢ Rothschild, Matthew. Article Title: Allen Ginsberg: ‘I’m banned from the Main Marketplace of Ideas in My Own Country. Magazine Title: The Progressive. Volume: 58. Issue: 8. Publication Date: August 1994. Page Number: 34+. How to cite Allen Ginsberg, Papers

Management and Leadership Skills Development

Question: Discuss about theManagement and Leadership Skills Development. Answer: Introduction Management positions are critical for organisations and therefore they need a high level of experience and knowledge in order to achieve the organisations objectives. Managers must also possess leadership skills that can enable them to manage the organisation better. This is because there are various resources that need to be allocated to maximize efficiency. Besides, the human resource also requires that managers have people management and leadership skills for them to perform effectively. Analysis of the impact of organisational objectives, values and culture on the leadership and management role These factors influence how management of an organisation should be done. This is because they are the factors that give the organisation direction on how different functions can be carried out and how employees should behave in order to achieve the organisational goals. Objectives The organization of which objectives will be discussed is Hilti UAE. The organisations objectives include: To maintain profitability-this means that the organisations revenues should be more than the costs they incur. Profitability is one of the main objectives of business organisations and it influences the management and leadership styles applied in the organisation. To maintain productivity-employees are provided with all the required resources that will enable them to improve on their productivity for the business to continue. To provide exemplary customer service-this is a customer-based objective. It is also an important objective since without the customers, there can be no business. Customers are part of the organisation and they must be considered and be given the services they need in order to have repeat business with the organisation. To support the society-the society has an important role in business and the organisation should be geared towards improving the society. This is through having various corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities in the society. These objectives are important in determining how the organisation is supposed to be led. Since the objectives require resources, it is important for the manager to have analytical skills in order to ascertain what resources are required by the organisation in order to achieve the objectives. For instance, maintaining profitability requires that a balance between revenues and costs is achieved. This means that the manager has to have cost management skills and sales and marketing skills in order to allocate resources economically and maximize revenues through sales and marketing strategies (West, et al., 2016). Core Values Core values are important in an organisation because they provide a guideline on how the organisation members are supposed to behave in order to maintain the organisations reputation. Some of the core values include: accountability, balance, integrity, diversity, empowerment, commitment, innovation and safety. The core values are also important in determining what the organisation stands for. For an organisation to achieve its goals and objectives effectively, they need to have core values. The managers have to understand what the values mean and how to attain their requirements (Wahab, et al., 2014). Integrity is one of the values that a manager should have and embrace. A manager should avoid subjectivity at all costs because subjective thinking and reasoning may compromise integrity. Accountability is the other value that a manager should uphold. A manager should be ready to account for all the resources that he is entrusted with in the organisation. When a manager is accountable, he/she can be trusted with the organisations resources since they believe that objectives will be met because of the accountability levels of the manager. When managers are accountable, the employees also tend to be accountable because they understand that the manager is the one who is responsible for all the resources that they utilize in their business (Bickmore Dowell, 2015). Innovativeness is also an important value since it is meant to improve the organisational performance by increasing efficiency. Also innovativeness encourages change whereby the organisationis ready to embrace changes that improve the work environment. This can be combined with commitment, diversity and empowerment. All these requires a manager who can handle challenges that this values may pose to them and other employees (Dameron, 2016). Organisation Culture The organisation has a strong culture and that is what keeps the employees united. Culture plays an important role in an organisation. This is an important factor that has to be considered by a manager in order to effectively manage an organisation. Employees can easily reject a manager who does not embrace the organisational culture and therefore it may be difficult to run an organisation (Magada Govender, 2016). Organisational culture entails shared beliefs, values and perceptions. These values have an impact on how an organisation operates. Communication is essential and there should be effective communication channels in an organisation for it to work effectively. Culture is socially developed and transmitted by members within the organisation (Calvin, 2015).The culture provides rules for behavior within the organisation. Core values are the ones that develop the organisational culture. These core values begin with the organisations leadership. When a strong unified behavior has developed in an organisation, a strong organisational culture emerges (Valentine, 2011). Leaders have to embrace their role in maintain the organisation culture and in turn ensure a consistent culture which reduces conflicts, and create a healthy working environment for the employees. Management and Leadership Skills Required To Support the Achievement of the Objectives In order to achieve the organisational objectives, a manager should have a balance of managerial and leadership skills. This is because there are many factors that are involved in the process of meeting the needs of the customers since they are the ones who the business is concerned about. The resources include people who put together other resources in order to come up with the end products (Wolf, 2006). Management Skills The following are the most vital management skills for the organisation Planning skills-These skills are important in the organisation because through planning strategies can be developed to deliver in an economical and efficient manner. The organisations manager should possess high planning skills because they are essential in making sure that resources are allocated effectively for effectiveness (Ohiri, 2012). Planning is also important in team building. This is because the organisational staff requirements are easily identified in a plan. Finally, planning helps in developing a competitive advantage because of the detailed analysis of the situation and the environment in which the organisation operates (Wolfe, Chanin, 1993). Organizing and coordinating skills-a manager should have the ability to allocate resources efficiently. Also, these resources have to be linked to the people in the organisation in order to be productive. Therefore as a manager, organizing and coordination should be considered as important factors that the organisation needs and such skills should be developed for the better of the people and the organisation itself (Vollmer Pastor, 2016). Commanding-this is a necessary skill for a manager since employees need a manager who can command them in order to feel the authority. There are different ways in which commanding can be done without making the employees feel inferior or threatened. These skills are important and commanding can be done through having a chain of command integrated in the system. In doing so, employees will easily understand how different activities are conducted in the organisation through the chain of command (Murphy, 1996). Controlling-this is the ability to review business models and offer solutions to challenges that the organisation may be facing. Controlling skills are necessary in meeting the organisations objectives because they give the manager an opportunity to explore all the requirements of the organisation in order to achieve the objectives and maintain the organisational culture (Vollmer Pastor, 2016). Leadership Skills Charisma-this is the natural brightness of a leader that enables him or her to get followers. In the organisation, the managers have to be charismatic since they need to be followed and trusted by the employees for better management (Peters, 2005). Assertiveness-this helps a leader to make his points clear in the organisation without any aggression. This also is an important leadership skill because the decisions that are made by the leader should be firm (Axalta, 2003). Communication skills-these are important in building relationships both in the organisation and outside. The organisation needs to create networks which are necessary in improving business. Negotiation skills, effective speaking, active listening, and building rapport are some of the communication skills that a leader needs to develop in order to execute his or her organisational leadership role effectively (Reap Houston Univ., 2008). Analytical skills-a leader should be able to analyse a situation in order to develop strategies and solutions for different problems that the organisation may be facing. This is important even in the analysis of the market in order to determine ways in which profits can be maximized through the development of various products that suit the market needs (Reap Houston Univ., 2008). Evaluation of Personal Management and Leadership Skills Strengths Personally, I have gained a vast experience in the field and now I understand myself better because I have gained a lot of knowledge about how to run an organisation. Besides, I have academic qualifications that indicate the theoretical understanding of what management entails. Having engaged myself in many projects, I have developed planning skills that can be used in the improvement of the organisation. Planning requires a lot of research in order to develop an effective plan that can enable the organisation to increase productivity. Also, I have organizing and coordinating skills which are necessary in making sure that resources are allocated efficiently. In addition, I am assertive and I have high decision making abilities. This is because I possess analytical skills which are necessary in decision making. Finally, I have the communication skills necessary for communicating within and outside the organisation. Communication is one of the skills that is needed in the development of relationships. Networks are important in meeting the organisations objectives since it is through networks that a market is created and expert knowledge can be received through linking with other people who have knowledge in the field that can be used to improve the organisati ons products and services. Personal Weaknesses I need to develop sales and marketing skills-these are the skills that are needed in making sales and popularizing the organisation. Through different training sessions, the skills can be developed and they will help me as the manager in analysing the different achievements that the organisation has and needs to have in the market. The marketing skills are inscribed in the communication skills but the communication skills that needs to be developed involve the public relations part of the organisation. This means that I need to know how to evaluate channels through which public relations communication needs to be done. Also, I need to develop controlling skills. This is because resources and people need to be controlled effectively in the organisation in order for them to be fully productive. This is an important skill because it is essential in the reduction of costs that the organisation incurs in production. When efficient controlling skills are attained, it becomes easy for the organisation to manage the resources that are put into the process in order to achieve production economically (Reiley, et al., 2011). These are the two main skills that I believe I need to develop through training and networking in order to be perfect in executing the different functions of the organisation and increase efficiency and productivity. Opportunities for Development of Leadership and Management Skills Having a skill gap in management and leadership, there are many opportunities that can be utilised to develop these skills and be a better manager in executing the managerial functions better in the organisation. Foremost, coaching is one of the opportunities that is available for a leader to improve his/her skills. In leadership coaching, a relationship is created between a leader and a coach. Leadership coaching is a partnership in which both partners work towards achieving a common goal. The main aim of coaching is to change the entire behaviour and transform the leaders working and personal life. Leadership coaching is neither technical support nor career guidance. It is the process of imparting better leadership skills in a leader to enhance effectiveness. Secondly, there are professional bodies that offer training on how various organisations should be led and managed. These bodies are vital in enhancing leadership skills because they are necessary in managing such organisations. These bodies have different experts who have a wide knowledge through education and experience. Their expertise is necessary in helping leaders develop the skills that they do not have or the skills that they need to enhance for them to manage organisations better and more efficiently. Thirdly, double loop learning is another opportunity that a leader can use in developing skills that are necessary in running an organisation. This is a learning process that utilises past experiences in developing strategies to counter problems that an organisation has. This method is more dynamic because it opens up the leader to different ways in which they can solve problems in an organisation. It focuses on the historical events of the organisation and how they were handled. This makes it easy for the leader to develop strategies that can be used in problem solving in the organisation. Finally, the use of feedback is important in developing leadership skills. This is achieved through reviews that the leader receives through those he or she leads. Feedbacks help a leader to know which areas need improvement or need a change of tactic. Therefore, they can be used by the leader in developing a plan on how the lacking skills can be developed to improve their performance in the organisation. Personal Leadership and Management Skills Development Plan For effective leadership and management skills development planning, there needs to be an analysis of the kind of skills needed in the organisation. This is because there are financial resources that are involved in the development of these skills. Therefore, there is a need to analyse what the organisation needs are in order to develop an effective skills development plan (Reiley, et al., 2011). Analysis of the Required Skills The organisation needs a leader who has networking skills that will enable them to connect to people and other organisations that will generate business and offer expert services to the organisation. Resource management skills also need to be developed in the organisation because different resources are used in the development of different products which makes the organisation at risk of incurring excessive costs if the resources are not utilized efficiently. Skills Development Plan Objective Skill Skill level Opportunity to improve To improve the sales through marketing strategies Sales and marketing Bachelors degree older in business management Leadership coaching programs Double loop learning Professional bodies Utilizing Feedbacks To improve the control of resources Controlling skills Bachelors degree older in business management Leadership coaching programs Double loop learning Professional bodies Formal education (Masters degree program) Leadership coaching programs should commence in the first year. A suitable leadership coach will be approached in order to assist me develop the skills that I am lacking in order to improve my performance and the organisational performance. This process will be beneficial because it will also help me in developing skills that I can transfer to others so that they can also develop leadership skills in their levels of management. Within the same year, I will be attending leadership seminars that are conducted by professional bodies in order to acquire the skills that these bodies offer to leaders. These skills will help in understanding the requirements of different organisations for their success. Lastly I will resume formal education in management and gain insights about management and leadership in organisations through theoretical frameworks and research. This will be important in increasing my knowledge in management of organisations and leading teams towards a common objective. Personal development will be assessed through review that will be conducted by my superiors in the organisation to ascertain whether the skills development plan is effective or not. Key performance indicators will be developed and they will be used to evaluate my performance. This will be important because the skills are supposed to reflect on the organisations objectives. For instance, the sales and marketing techniques are important in increasing the organisations revenue through increased sales. This will indicate that the communication skills relating to public relations, networking and sales have been improved. In the evaluation of the process of learning, feedbacks will be important in making sure that I understand what the organisation needs and I will device mechanisms of developing the skills that will satisfy such organisational needs. Feedbacks can be done through appraisals which can be conducted by the top managers in the organisation.This is also important in gauging how much I have learned through the process and the level of skills that I will have attained. This is not because my leadership skills are low but it is because there is a need to improve and develop skills that are unique in meeting the organisations objectives. That is why appraisals are important forms of feedback since they give a detailed analysis of an individuals performance with regards to the attainment of the organisational objectives and goals. After learning the skills fully, I will have to share the experience with other employees. This is because the skills need to be synchronized with the organisational culture in order to be effective. There are some changes that can come up as a result of such skills and other team members need to be aware and an effective strategy applied in making them comfortable to take up the change that might come with the increased leadership and management skills.Therefore sharing such information is vital in making other employees understand a course that the organisation may be taking (Reiley, et al., 2011). Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Personal Development Plan Objective Skill Skill level Opportunity to improve Challenges Key indicators of effectiveness To improve the sales through marketing strategies Sales and marketing Bachelors degree older in business management Leadership coaching programs Double loop learning Professional bodies Utilizing Feedbacks Leadership coaching will require the engagement of an expert which will be a cost to the company Some of the feedback received may be biased and therefore cannot be utilized Increased sales Increased PR activities Development of a strong Marketing team To improve the control of resources Controlling skills Bachelors degree older in business management Leadership coaching programs Double loop learning Professional bodies Formal education (Masters degree program) Leadership coachingand the masters degree program will require the engagement of an expert which will be a cost to the company More effective resource allocation Reduced operational costs Evaluation of the effectiveness of the development plan is important because the plan may concentrate on factors that are not important to fulfilling the organisational objectives. Also, the plan may focus on the skills that are already developed and ignore the important skills that were being sought in the first place (Spehar, 2007). Review of Development Plan Against Original Objectives The original objectives of the development plan were to develop sales and marketing skills which are to enable the organisation to make more sales and increase their revenue. The personal development plan included the communication skills that need to be developed. In marketing, communication skills are essential. These skills are important in public relations and since they were included in the plan, the plan will be effective in achieving the objective effectively. This review is important in figuring out whether the skills were necessary (Charoensap-Kelly, et al., 2016). An increase in sales and revenues is a key indicator of effectiveness of the skill. The second personal development objective was to develop the controlling skills in management. Thisskills are vital in the allocation of resources in an organisation to optimize output (Kumpikait, et al., 2016).The leadership trainings and education programs were effective in developing the controlling skills. In evaluating the effectiveness, the cost of production and employee output can be reviewed. The cost of production have reduced significantly while employee output has increased in the organisation. This shows that the plan worked out effectively in developing the controlling skills since these are the organisational resources that are used in the production of the products that are needed by the market. Evaluation of the Development Plan The development plan has to be evaluated to determine its effectiveness in increasing a managers efficiency. There are different variables that can be used in the evaluation process and they can show whether the plan worked for or against the organisational skills requirements (Hara, et al., 2010). The leadership coaching program was effective because it helped in the development of the team leadership skills that were vital in improving employee performance in the organisation. Besides, the professional bodies also gave vital experiences and skills that have been applied to improve the organisations general performance.In addition, the formal education program increased the knowledge that is required for better execution of leadership and managerial functions. This shows that the plan was effective in improving the organisation through improving the management and leadership skills. Further Development Skill Level of development Need for improvement Marketing skills The Masters degree is ongoing and in the first year of completion Six months remaining to complete Controlling skills Leadership coaching has already been completed No need for improvement Relationship skills Has not yet been done To be done within the next year Despite having improved the leadership skills, there are other areas that need further development in order to increase organisational efficiency. There is a need to develop relationship skills because they are important in communication. Relationships form part of the communication skills and it is important to know how to relate to different people in order to improve communication for better performance of the organisation. Therefore, additional programs need to be developed in order to perfect this skill. 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